The Subjection of Women Exposed in A Doll’s House Essay -- Henrik Ibse

A man, intoxicated and impoverished, lay on the dirty streets of patriarchal Norway, and as the jeering citizens sauntered by, they could have never guessed that this man, Henrik Ibsen, would be the Prometheus of womens rights and the creator of the new-fangled play. Having been born in 1828, Ibsen lived through various examples of the subjection of women within the law, such as Great Britain allowing men to lock up and beat their wives in ease (Bray 33). Therefore, Ibsen was known for his realistic style of piece of writing within both poetry and plays, which usually dealt with everyday situations and people (31). Focusing on the rights of women, Ibsens trademark was ...looking at these problems without the distortions of romanticism and often receiving harsh criticism for doing so (31). In an attempt to support his family, Ibsen became a pharmaceutical apprentice, but after three years he abandoned this profession and began writing poetry. After an apprenticeship in th e theater, he began writing his own plays, including a drama in verse, Peer Gynt (31). While working and writing in Norway, Ibsen and several social critics observed ...the penalty society pays when only half of its members participate fully as citizens, deciding to flee Norway in hopes of conclusion a more accepting social environment (33). Ibsen wrote A Dolls House, his most famous work about women suffering through the oppressive patriarchal society, while living primarily in Germany and Italy where he ...was exposed to these social norms and tensions to a much greater extent than he would have been had he remained solely in Norway (32). While Sweden, Norway, and Denmark began to grant legal majority to women, Ibsen understood the legal improvements f... ... DE Prestwick House Inc. Literary Touchstone Classics, 2006. Print.Mill, John Stuart. From The Subjection of Women. England in writingsMedallion Edition. Ed. Helen McDonnell et al. Glenview, Il. Scott, Foresmanand Co . 1979. 436-439.Secondary SourcesBray, Ashlin Ed. Biography of Henrik Ibsen and Fact Sheet of Womens Progress. In Multiple Critical Perspectives A Dolls House. Clayton DEPrestwick House Inc. 2007. 31-34. Print.Orjasaeter, Kristin. Mother, Wife and Role Model A contextual perspectiveon feminism in A Dolls House. Ibsen Studies Tahlor and Francis. Ltd.2005. 19-47. Print.Scott, Clement. Review of A Dolls House. The Theatre 14.79 (July 1889)19-22. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Criticism. Ed. Paula Kepos. Vol. 37.Detroit Gale Research. 1991. Literature Resource Center. Web

The Cast of Amontillado Essay -- Essays Papers

The Cast of AmontilladoEdgar Allen Poe, born on January 19, 1809, is one of the greatest American writers of all time. The story of Edgar Allen Poes action remains one of the most disputed and slandered in the pages of American biography, despite conscious attempts to revise the story and rehabilitate the life. Decadence and immorality, in the form of alcoholism, opium addiction, and his relationships with women, and fat production, as a journalist, editor, poet, reviewer, critic, and fiction writer, have been emphasized as characterizing his brief life (Lent 3). Poes many writings were greatly affected by his problems in life and his experiences. One such short story is The Cask of Amontillado. The main character, Montresor, who is vengeful, intelligent, and fakes sincerity, causes the death of Fortunato.The Cask of Amontillado starts out with Montresor, the narrator, saying, The thousand injuries of Fortunato I had borne as I surpass could but when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. Simply by reading the first sentence of the story, it is easy to see that Montresor is vengeful and plans to get revenge on Fortunato. Montresor in like manner has a coat of arms which is, A huge human foot dor, in a field azure the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel, with a motto of, Nemo me impune lacessit, which stands for no one attacks me with impunity. The coat of arms and the family motto both suggest retribution. The ar...

Shintoism Essay -- China Chinese Culture Religion Essays

ShintoismThe Shinto religion was started in the Tokugawa period (1600-1868) ofJapanese history. The Tokugawa Enlightenment inspired a group of sight whostudied kokugaku, which roughly translated means nativism, Japanese Studies,or Native Studies. Kokugakus intent was to recover Japanese character towhat it was before the early influences of foreigners, especially the Chinese.Some of these influences include Confucianism (Chinese), Taoism (Chinese),Buddhism (Indian and Chinese), and Christianity (Western European). Thekokugakushu (nativist) focused most of their efforts on recover the Shintoreligion, the native Japanese religion, from fragments of texts and popularreligious practices.However, Shintoism is probably not a native religion of Japan (since theJapanese were not the original natives of Japan). on that point really is no onething that can be called Shinto, The name itself is a bit misleading becauseit is made up of two Chinese quarrel meaning the way of the gods(Shen spi ritual power, divinity Tao the way or path). The word for this inJapanese is kannagara the way of the kami .Many things can be said about Shinto. First, it was a tribal religion,not a state one. However, even when the tribes were organized into coherentstates, they still retained their Shinto beliefs. Second, all Shinto cultsbelieve in Kami (?the inspired?) Individual clans worshipped a single Kami whichwas regarde...

A Brief Timeline of Black Civil Rights in America Essay -- African-Amer

A.The struggle for equality has been a battle fought for hundreds of years. Docu handsts such as The Declaration of Independence, dating back to 1776, state that all men are created equal, and among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. B.Surely we know that in fact all men were not seen as equal because issues such as thrall and white superiority existed as well as discrimination issues that still exist to some extent today. C.In 1865, The 13th Amendment was established which abolished slavery, but did not grant blacks equality.D.Government was still extremely biased when meeting to make Amendments. They were quoted as saying We hold this to be a government of white peckto benefit white peopleand no Africans can be a U.S. citizenE.Even though slavery was abolished with the 13th Amendment, issues such as Black Codes and the struggles of the Freedmens spot were definitely pres...

Horsmandens Journal of the Proceedings Essays -- Analysis, Daniel Hor

Daniel Horsmandens Journal of the Proceedings was written with a specific purpose in mind which he openly acknowledges in his introduction. Horsmanden claims that it was for the public benefit (Zabin, p.46) and inspired by the fact that some individuals believed there was no plot at all (Zabin, p.45). He hoped that by displaying the facts of the facial expression he could prove to the people of New York City that the proceedings were just and that there was a great need to keep close supervision on their African slaves (Zabin, p.45). Having such an obvious bias the Journal is far from a perfect historical record of events, but under close examination Horsmandens account gives a vast amount of insight into the sharp divisions that characterized eighteenth century New York and can help explain why the people were so ready to believe in such a grandiose conspiracy. One can even see ways in which the conspiracy brought New Yorkers in concert and how it drove them apart.An analysis of H orsmandens work paints a picture of the social divisions present in the city. Race was a fairly obvious division, exemplified by Horsmandens statement that Peggy was the worst sort of prostitute because she was a prostitute to negroes (Zabin, p.49) and that blacks were much more prone to suspicion which can be seen in the fact that virtually 30 blacks were executed compared to four whites (Zabin, p.175). Economic status also shines through as a source of division. This is apparent by the fact that the Hughsons, who owned a disreputable public house (Zabin, p.48), were tried and executed largely on the testimony of Mary Burton. However, when Ms. Burton cast suspicion upon some people in ruffles (those of better means), the courtyard quickly wrapped up the ca... ...stered togetherness among the people. Horsmandens journal provides a wealth of information about eighteenth century New York if one is willing to analyse it critically and ignore the bias present in it. If one does th is they catch fascinating glimpses of a divided world, one where people are partitioned by race, sparing status, homeland and religion. A world filled with fear and suspicion caused by the tension inherent within such societal division. The same tensions that either gave establish to a massive conspiracy to destroy the town of New York or gave credence to a nightmare constructed by the minds of the people and fed by individuals selfish nature. Regardless, eighteenth century New York was a troubled place and Horsmandens Journal of the Proceedings gives us a partial but valuable insight to the lives and interactions of colonial New Yorks peoples.

Horsmandens Journal of the Proceedings Essays -- Analysis, Daniel Hor

Daniel Horsmandens Journal of the Proceedings was written with a specific purpose in mind which he openly acknowledges in his introduction. Horsmanden claims that it was for the public benefit (Zabin, p.46) and inspired by the occurrence that some individuals believed there was no plot at all (Zabin, p.45). He hoped that by displaying the facts of the case he could prove to the peck of mod York City that the proceedings were just and that there was a great need to keep close inspection on their African slaves (Zabin, p.45). Having such an obvious bias the Journal is far from a perfect historical record of events, but under close trial Horsmandens account gives a vast amount of insight into the sharp divisions that characterized eighteenth century New York and can help explain why the people were so ready to believe in such a grandiose conspiracy. One can even see ways in which the conspiracy brought New Yorkers together and how it drove them apart.An analysis of Horsmandens work paints a picture of the social divisions present in the city. Race was a fairly obvious division, exemplified by Horsmandens statement that Peggy was the worst sort of prostitute because she was a prostitute to negroes (Zabin, p.49) and that blacks were much more prone to suspicion which can be seen in the fact that roughly 30 blacks were executed compared to four whites (Zabin, p.175). Economic status also shines through as a source of division. This is apparent by the fact that the Hughsons, who owned a disreputable public house (Zabin, p.48), were tried and executed largely on the testimony of Mary Burton. However, when Ms. Burton cast suspicion upon some people in ruffles (those of bettor means), the court quickly wrapped up the ca... ...stered togetherness among the people. Horsmandens journal provides a wealth of information about eighteenth century New York if one is spontaneous to analyze it critically and ignore the bias present in it. If one does this they catch fas cinating glimpses of a divided world, one where people are partitioned by race, economic status, homeland and religion. A world filled with fear and suspicion caused by the tension inherent within such societal division. The same tensions that all gave rise to a massive conspiracy to destroy the town of New York or gave credence to a nightmare constructed by the minds of the people and fed by individuals self-serving nature. Regardless, eighteenth century New York was a troubled place and Horsmandens Journal of the Proceedings gives us a partial but rich insight to the lives and interactions of colonial New Yorks peoples.

Key Aspects of PIES in Different Life Stages Essay

Explain what is meant by PIES carnal- it refers to things to do with your body. It includes the ontogeny of each of your body systems and requireed by inherited and contagious and lifestyle. Intellectual- it is to do with the growth of the brain and the study of your thought processes. Emotional-it is or so the growth and understanding of feelings. societal- devising connections with family, friends and community. Life coquet/im sequenceKey aspects of growth and education p1 m1(for merit explain in more than detail) Conception to birthPhysicalDevelopmentIntellectualDevelopmentEmotionalDevelopment neighborlyDevelopment babyhood0-3PhysicalDevelopmentWhen babies ar born they atomic number 18 quiet helpless and dependant. To survive they bring lots of reflexes Rooting, sucking, swallowing, grasping, stepping and graduation exercisele reflex. Babies develop in reality fast through with(predicate) out the number one three years of their life. When they are born they have lots of physical reflexes. A reflex is an uncontroable response e.g. moving your hand aside from a hot plate. Rooting innate reflex is when the baby turns its drift in the direction of the touch, to find the nipple of its mothers breast to obtain food. Moro Reflex is when a baby throws out its arms and legs then pulls them back curved. Grasp Reflex is when a baby will grab an object in the hand. travel Reflex is when a baby is held with its feet touching the ground, and then the baby will authorize forward movements.IntellectualDevelopmentIntellectual development substance a complete system about life and growth of human intelligence. We also build up communication skills which allow us to list ourselves understood and to expire relationships. Development of the mind allows us to recognise, remember, reason, know and understand things around us. Language development is also a nonher part of it. At the age of 18 months the pip-squeak should know at least six words. At the age of one they should perish to name objects and two and three year gagas put words into slight sentences. Sensorimeter Stage this spirit level is found amongst birth and two year octogenarian chelaren. During this stage, knowledge about objects and the ways that they fecal matter be manipulated is acquired. Through the study about self and the world, the populate in it, the baby begins to understand how one thing can cause or affect another, and begins to develop simple ideas about time and space. They have the expertness to build up mental pictures of objects around them.Preoperational Stage children usually go through this stage between the ages of two to vii year olds. In this stage, childrens thought processes are developing, they are still considered to be far from logical thought in the adult sense of the world. The childs vocabulary is also expanding and developing in this stage. They change from babies in to little large number. Concrete Operational Stage this period is found between the ages of seven to eleven year olds. In thisstage, the child has the ability to develop logical thoughts about an object, if they are able to manipulate it. Formal Operational Stage this stage begins around the age of eleven to sixteen. This stage begins to permit adolescents to reason beyond of a world of cover logically to a world of possibilities and to start logically on symbols and information that do not necessarily come up with a ecumenic theory of all possible factors that might affect the outcome and reduce from the specific hypotheses that might occur. They can focus on verbal assertions and evaluate their logical validity without making references to real-world circumstances.EmotionalDevelopmentEmotions are feelings e.g. happiness, anger, fear, frustration, jealousy and more more. When infants and children grow up, they will learn to talk their feelings. They also learn how to control their feelings. 1 year olds are able to learn about the nitty-gritty of their behaviour that has on care givers and can communicate their feelings through their facial expressions. 2 year olds are recognized for their tantrums as they put great effort in to their emotions. 3 year olds are more sensitive to feelings and they are willing to share toys and take turns to crop with them. When babies are three months old they enjoy cuddles and activities equivalent bath time.When they are six months they laugh and like to be played with. When they are nine months they start break downting scared of strangers and they take likes and dislikes of food. When they are 12 months old they try to sustain attention from their parents and they show affection to parents. They learn about the effects of their behaviour has on care givers and can express emotions. When they are 15 months old they are more adventurous and they have loads of mood swings. When they are 18 months old they are stiff enough to show their emotions. At the age of two babie s want everything their way and they have lots of fussiness tantrums. They are able to show a spot of empathy which is expressed through play. At the age of three they are more sensitive and willing to share toys and take turns playing.SocialDevelopmentSocial development is like emotional development. Relationships with the peers become more important as the child leads older. Young children form friendship and tend to show preferences to particular people. When infants start glasshouse they have an opportunity to spend time with other infants. Language skills are also important in the development of relations, as children develop they can express their feelings in words. in that location are other social developments likeSolitary play which normally occurs during infancy when the infants will play by themselves. Parallel play is when the children will play next to each other, but not together. Co-operative play is when children play together.Pretend play is that allows the chi ld to learn about their word.Childhood4-10PhysicalThe physical development begins to start when the child grows older. They start to lose their body shape and grow into a little adult. The fast rate in infancy begins to slow down in childhood. The child can develop their balance and become near(a) at running, climbing, jumping and many more. Growth continues to be really fast but not as fast as infancy. Gross push back Skills large muscle and body control and coordination development of skills like head control, rolling, standing and walking movements primarily require the larger, more proximal muscle groups. Fine repel Skills coordination of small muscle movements which occur in the fingers, usually in coordination with the spunks. In use of motor skills of hands and fingers.ActivityGross Motor SkillsFine Motor SkillsBothTying shoe lacesMaking and decorating a spread overPlaying footballBuilding a brick towerPlaying a musical instrumentThrowing a ballGymnasticsIntellectualGross Motor Skills large muscle and body control, development of skills like head control, rolling, sitting, crawling, standing and walking movements primarily require the large, more proximal muscle groups. Fine Motor Skills the coordination of small muscle movements which occur in the fingers, usually coordination with the eyes. To motor the skills of the hand and the fingers. At the same time as the childs intellectual development grows, the child can do difficult activities, much(prenominal) as Reading, writing their name, learning the rules of a game and many more. They begin to learn between remediate and wrongThey have interest in training and writing.Progress through this stage, they become fluent in language and may develop a untroubled vocabulary. Become less ego centric (meaning self- centred, selfish, basically its always me, I and etc.) Moral develop (meaning many parents want to raise their children, to be good of moral values. Morality is a critical part of human deve lopment, moral means good, honest and all themwords you can describe a well- unnatural child.) At the age of three, children have attained a vocabulary of 1,000 words, they know the concepts of big and little and they can count to 5 or more. They know their first name and surname and they can answer simple questions. At the age of 4 they know at least double of words they k hot before. They can constitute colours and count till atleast 10 or more than that. At the age of five, they start to ask too many questions like what happened, what they are doing and many more.Six to eight year olds develop their ability to understand perspectives or wishes of others and are able to think in reasonable ways. At the age of reading to do more complex tasks like writing, reading and performing mathematics. Pre-operational when a child wants to say something and he or she doesnt know how to say it, so they are learning the language and they are learning by listening and looking around them. Conc rete Operational in this time, the child gains a remediate understanding of mental operations. The child begins thinking logically about concrete events, but has difficulty understanding abstract concepts. Concept Conservation refers to a ability in logical thinking according to the psychologist Jean Piaget who developed four stages in cognitive development.EmotionalChildren develop through this period when they start to wall plug the bonds with their main carers although they still need their support. They begin to be more independent and start to develop a sense of self. Emotional responses are versed from our most important caregivers. They learn to be in control in their emotional responses and to decide conflict and care givers them when this occurs while trying to understand the temper tantrums of frustration that do occur. They begin to show signs of com yieldion and empathy and again, carers need to give them encouragement. In this stage the child develops the ability to talk about their feelings.SocialSocial development in children is simply clear as a childs interaction with others. In this stage, the child depends on her/ his parents. The childsinteraction is mainly limited to these people. The child begins interacting with other kids and adults. A child stays a lot upon love, safety and care provided by their parents and caregivers. The child finally leans to pass on love and care and shows signs of kind-hearted behaviour.Solitary Play0-2 yearsYoung children like to explore and play wide range of toys by themselves. They also like games of imagination and make-believe. Parallel Play2-3 yearsToddlers will play alongside others and will even watch what they do but do not play together. Simple Co-Operative3-5 yearsChildren join in many assorted activities with others and learn to share and take turns. Complex Co- Operative5 years onwardsChildren make up complex games with others, organising themselves and making up their own rules.Adolescence11-1 8PhysicalPuberty is a period in adolescence where the body develops and matures sexually. This is the stage when teenagers move from childhood to adulthood. At this time they have lots of physical changes which include puberty. During puberty, chemicals in the body that are called hormones. In physical development girls and boys begin to change and look different as they grow into young women and men.Physical changesFemale changesGains weightGrows body fuzzStarts periodsBreast developsShape changesSkin and hair changeThey become tallerHips becomes locomoteMale changesGains weightGrows body hairPenis and testicles developSpermVoice breaksShoulders broadenSkin and hair changeThey become tallerIntellectualThis stage is about the structure of development they become abstract, logically organized system of adult intelligence. When it is faced with it creates more complex problems. They are moving out of concrete intellectual stage, into operational. These are the following changes that happen in adolescence Arguing skills improveThe ability to apply concepts to precise examplesLearns to reason though problems even in the absence of concrete events or examples Begins to independently differentiate right from wrong and develops a conscience They may challenge the statement and solutions infixed by adults, and many more There are two major characteristics of formal operational period. The first one is hypothetic- deductive reasoning. When it is faces with a problem, adolescents come up with a general theory of possible factors that might affect the outcome and deduce from specific hypothese that might occur. The second important characteristic of this stage is that it is propositional in nature. They can focus on spoken statements and estimate their reasonable strength without making referenceto the real- worlds situations.EmotionalThis is an important period of adult personality. Teenagers develop an individual expose and emotional intelligence. Teenagers would rather spend time with friends than with family, they also would like to spend time by yourself in your bedroom or somewhere on their own. Teenagers usurpt get on well with their parents as this is the time teenagers want their freedom and independence and this can cause tension and arguments, but these feelings will not last forever and soon they will be able to control their emotions as they get older. Teenagers have a hard time expressing emotions. Teenage boys beart think about emotional ease of use like girls may do. All teenagers get very moody on small things and they get very emotional on small things. They have lack of self-confident and self-esteem and this could be a problem at this age. Teenagers also start to spill slang language. There are more negative things about teenagers than positive because of the changes that occur for example smokings, alcohol, cause anti-social behaviour.Most parents cannot control their teenage children. During this hormones can get out o f balance easily and can lead to mood swings and violent behaviour. As teenager they become fewer dependants on family for emotional support, and turn to friends and get influenced by their peer group. This is a negative effect on teenagers because they get put under peer pressure, you get put into situations that are uncomfortable and that you gullt want to get caught in to. When girls are on their periods they often get very stressed out and they might have mood swings.SocialAs teenagers gain independence, they spend more time with friends. This permits them to practise social skills. more or less adolescents factors such as lively in poverty, living in a dysfunctional family makes this period more difficult. Teenagers turn more to their peers they often struggle becausethey want to be liked. Peer pressure can present difficulties as it can challenge many ideas learned from families. Often a period during which issues as experimenting with alcohol, sexual orientation and attitu des towards education.Adulthood18-65PhysicalPeople in their twenties and thirties are usually at the peak of their physical development. They are fully mature at this stage. Athletes perform their best in their twenties and to think about retiring after this. Good exercise system and healthy lifestyle can help to extend many decide to start to develop their fitness after this age. From the age of 30 the physical development starts and they begin to notice a lot of changes. They areWrinkling of skinGreying and thinning hairHearing and sight declineBones lose calciumCirculatory system not as efficientFlexibility reducesThe menopause for women over 50. most people have trouble agreeing with these changes.IntellectualIntellectual development doesnt auction block after the age of 18. Getting a job involves new skills. When a person leaves firm and living independently also needs lots of skills. In the skills, it includes, managing the house, the budget and other things to do with the h ouse hold. Raising children is also new skills. As adults age they react more slowly and find it moredifficult to remember things under pressure. To balance this they have learned from experience and are better at problem resolution and making decisions. This compensates for any decline in intellectual ability over this life stage. They continue to develop problem- solving and decision- making skills. Some adults return to formal education if situations have prevented them from achieving all this when they are younger. Intellectual development is as important as physical development. It includes creativity, general knowledge and common sense.EmotionalWhen we leave home and we can be independent and self reliant on ourselves.Young adults often make sacrifices, such as a lower standard of living, fro the opportunity to leave home. This allows them a new level of freedom and self- confidence. Most young adults move back home after a time away. Career development has a major impact on emotional changes in adulthood. They leave their parents home and become financially independent. Men are more likely to put a heavy investment into these goals, although women are more often to split between family and career development. These savings, tends to effect emotional development and high self-esteem, particularly in men.SocialIn new types of relationships, they may have a partner or get married, this means they are making decisions, accepting responsibilities and sharing them. Relationships with parents may start to change. Young adults start to relate to their parents more as equal. Their parents start to realise that their children now may take responsibility for themselves.Then they start a job that has a lot of developing working relationships. Formal relationships like those at work where they have rules that have to be followed and informal relationships like friends, causal and social relationships. Old Age65 plusPhysicalAt old age they start to have lots of phys ical developments like Skin wrinkles because of the loss of elasticity.Hair thins and goes grey men often have hair loss.Bones are more fragile as thinning makes them lighter and more brittle, especially in women. Body organs are less efficient, including the heart, lungs, kidney and liver. Sights get worse as the eyes lens stiffens and is less able to focus on close objects, making reading more difficult. The retina becomes less sensitive to light, so an older person may need a brighter light.Hearing get worse.Mobility, may be affected as joint stiffen.Sense of taste and smell is reduced.Older people are less sensitive to cold, making them more at risk of hypothermia. Balance becomes poor and fall more likely.IntellectualThey have difficulty call back things, their reaction time are also slower.Old age people are more experience and more experienced then younger people, they always make better decisions. They are some old people that are puzzled to handle their own relationships. Confusion is quite different from dementia. Dementia is when brain cells stop working and this is everlasting. Confusion is only for some time and passes when a person is less confused.EmotionalWith all aspects of development in older age in that respect are both positive and negative aspects to emotional development. In many societies the knowledge and understanding of old age is respected so those persons they that they are making a contribution to their communities. If this not the case it can make people feel that they just a burden. Many older people are proud of(p) tohave more free time and are able to spend their retirement visiting family and friends and having time with their hobbies. Older people have come in terms with their lives and have a sense of satisfaction with that they have achieved.SocialThis is a time of great social change for some people. The official age of retirement is 65 for men. As soon as men have retired then women will retire at the same age. As the lifespan increase, people become increasingly active in later life, they will spend a massive part of their lives in retirement, only if the retirement age has increased. Some old age people miss contact with their workmates at regular bases, other old people like having time to spend on their hobbies and interestsThe old age peoples children will probably be adults, they will be living their own lives. The old person may feel as they are not needed any more. They have the pleasures of grandchildren, without being responsible. They may endure the deaths of their close friends, partners and relatives.*development chart/poster*stages of pregnancy poster

Africa Since 1940

The colonization of the African nation has played an important commence on the world and how blacks were treated. What they endured as a mess, showed the high element of inequality and evil brought on by a group of people on to another. This period in time brought a agitate in a nation rocked with chafe and anguish. Intervention and invasion from other countries saw the decline in the wealth that Africa once possessed. The notion that Africans were uncivilized was the mindset of the Europeans as they do their presence known. What they did was to finagle the minds of the African people to gain what they set out to attain.Their goal has always been to rob them of their livelihood, to destroy and steal what were rightly the Africans. Ignorance and defiance became the downfall of many, as they swear the words of the whites. The destruction and atrocities that Africans faced was indicative of the cruel way in which European invaded the nation and took control in the name of coloni zation. Many books made follow of the colonizing of the African nation. Three of those great books are African Since 1940 The Past of the present by Frederick Cooper, The Nigerian Civil war by John de ST. Jorre and African Perspectives on Colonialism by A. ADU Boahen.However, of the three books Boahen provides much supplemental materials that meet my thesis. The most important economic change that occurred in Africa was during the period 1880-1960. This period marked the colonization and the scuffle hoe for African colonies. Boahen writes The eldest and the most important of the economic changes that had occurred in Africa by 1880 were the abolition and suppression of that most inhuman and abominable of all trading activities- namely, the break ones back trade-and its replacement by trade in natural products, which has perplex known in typical Euro- centric terms as legitimate trade (Boahen pg. 1). hard exertioner trade exemplified the harsh cruelty that Africans faced. The y were sold into slavery and beaten and many die during that time. The middle passage journey of slaves that were sold across the world to work on plantations proved to be the worst journey in accounting. Slave trade only profited the European as slaves were an aspect of making money for their masters. non only were the African people forced to leave most of the power countries economies weak and on the brink of collapse. They needed new ways to generated money which they did by everyplaceflowing Africa and retaining most of the Natural resource such as ivory, diamond, and gold.The scramble for Africa open door to a new way of thinking the county did not besides change economically but socially. According to Cooper by the 1700s the era in, Pan- Africanist was at its highest point of mobilization in African policy-making history. (Cooper 24) . For the first time westerners such as Marcus Garvey from African decedent who was captives of slavery, began to challenge imperialism. Th ey launch organizations International African Service Bureau based out of London. Regional linkages were complete between countries and hybrid culture was form. People of western African coast began referring to themselves as nations.Black influential understood the gravity of slavery and knew that the change has to protrude with them. The 1880 was a better time period in Africa because Slavery was abolished and therefore, the old African country way of heart have been abolish to some tier in that now people were no longer under bondage. These individuals were free to live a heart in less fear and with a more renew sense of hope for the future. It was good that a new Africa was emerging because this intend that individuals will be more incline to want to strive for a better life for themselves and their families and to make a better future for their children.Moreover, after the abolition of slavery the formation of legitimate trade means that individuals could have a source of gaining employment to help to support their family. Boahen mentioned that in the 1880 (African had become more deeply integrated into the capitalist world-economy than before, a development which the ensuing colonial schema was to intensify,) which exemplify the fact that Africa was become more stabilize as an economy in of itself where job can be provided for its citizen. (Boahen pg 5). The economy development of Africa in the 1880 meant that the qualities of life for the people were going to improve over time.With the economy improving this would open up individual access to job opportunities. The invasion of European forces into Africa brought a socio-economic class among the African people. Elements that were formulated such as governmental, educational and their religious system were imposed in a cruel manner as many Africans passim that time in history were brutally harmed by the Europeans. This abuse was collectable to the fact Different language religion and other aspec ts of life were enforced by the Europeans colonization.So, with the abolishment of slavery individuals learn both the language of their ormer ruling countries and the original language of their ancestors through parents teaching of their children. Language plays a crucial part in an individual culture as it is the mean through which communication took place. Cooper mentioned that At any one moment, Africa appears as a mixture of several(a) languages and diverse culture indeed, linguistically alone, it is the most varied continent on earth (Cooper pg11). This mean linguistically speaking Africa came out of the slave trade become a more diverse country.This diversity is plain in more than one language that which is spoken by individuals from the continent of Africa. The African people depended on their heathen languages to bind them together. This help them to confuse their colonizers in their intent and goal of enforcing slavery. African understood the importance of language and h ow they could use it to their advantage. Additionally, the 1880 was a period in which the Christian missionary was alike experiencing dramatic change. The change in the Christian missionary mean that individuals where having a renew view of religion and how it should be practice.Boahen also mentioned that change in the religion in African societies resulted in stratification, which means that there were different groups of individuals in the African society therefore, the further stratification of African societies into a relatively small Christian educated elite, particularly in western and southern Africa, and a large traditional and illiterate group (Boahen, 17). So, it is obvious that as people were becoming more educated they were more able to view religion from a different perspective.The 1880 was also a period in which there was changing political trends that were towards a sense of greater centralization. Boahen mentioned that even though there was a change in some of the e mpires in terms of disintegration such as empires such as Asante and Oye empires some empires became even stronger (Boahen, 2008). So, there were the emerging of new empires such as the Sokoto empire and the Tukulor empire of Masina that were in much larger existence especially in certain area responsibility as the century in West Africa begins to emerge.New political change in Africa was evident in Nigeria such as constitutional experimentation (Boahen, pg 12). So, the constitution help to lay out the foundation for how individuals in the new African, societies valued to be treatment by their government in making sure those individuals in the societies was educate. So, with modernization there came a renew way of engaging in political activities as it will benefit the country of Africa. However the prosperity and flourishing of the countries of economy depended on the mobilization of African leaders yet this did not come forth.Cooper writes The development effort of late colonial regimes never did provide the basis for a strong national economy economies remained externally originated and the states economic power remained concentrated at the gate (Cooper 5). He was also concern about where the blame for the wars lie cooper writes By expression at the post-war era as a whole, one can begin to explain the succession of crises that colonial and postcolonial states faced, without getting into a sterile debate over whether a colonial legacy or the incompetence of African governments is to blame (Cooper 6).The African nation had many crises to deal with mainly poverty that resulted from the war. Colonization of the African people drove them deeper into poverty many regions had to sell their labor. Cooper writes In parts of African, colonization drove rural dwellers into deepening poverty, sometimes as a deliberate policy to create labor reserves where people had little alternative to selling their labor cheaply, sometimes as a result of actions which made diffi cult ecosystems worse (21). Poverty is one of the worst elements of peoples lives and this epidemic led the African people to seek for help.War is the most dreaded and the resulting effect of break-down of laws and orders in a civilized society. The Nigerian civil war which is known as the Biafra War took place on July 16th 1967 to January 15th 1970, political conflict was caused by the attempted secession of the southern providence of Nigeria as the self-proclaimed republic of Biafra. The conflicts accrued when Great Britain invaded Africa and divided up the some of it colonies causing a great separation among the African people where people in the north were Muslims and in the south were Christian.However due to the division it ended in economic, ethnic, cultural and religious tension among the various peoples of Nigeria. During the war millions died and many were displaced leaving the colony in a state of distress. Due to the war hunger and starvation arose in Biafra many young children died soldiers were out raged and they decided to take matters into the own hands St. Jorre writes hungry soldiers tried to hijack a food convoy, and he beat them to a pulp (St. Jorre pg. 251) this provided the severity and level of starvation that was felt in Biafra that even those responsible for aintaining the law put their needs above the people.Starvation does not admire anyone and during this period it evident that hunger claimed many lives. The depth and continuance of the war resulted in more deaths as starvation continued and no help was evident. As the Biafras people would look for help from the western world it was eminent that something needed to be done. The starvation was not ending and if they could only receive a little help it could go a long way this could be attain by pricking the conscience of the western world.ST.Jorre writes By striking at the heart of the Western worlds moral conscience with the real threat of millions starving to death if the war con tinued, backed up the imagined one of racial extermination if they surrendered, they succeeded where all their other tactics intensive lobbying, signing the oil away repeated appeals to the religious, ideological and the political sensibilities of the outside world had failed (ST. Jorre pg. 241). This sad way of life was the start of new recognition for other African countries that had to deal with the epidemic of starvation.ST. Jorre writes The immediate benefits of such concern were useful enough, especially the money, the lobbying publicity and public support that followed each new starvation newspaper story or television film (ST. Jorre pg. 242). Even in such distraught moment in history something good came of it as the Western nation would become aware of it and help to prevent an occurrence elsewhere. African people endured the worst life possible due to greed from their European colonizers.Their lands were invaded and lives were destroyed as many were taken as slaves to work on plantations to make money for them. What the Europeans did not only hurt the African people physically but emotionally too they have never recovered. This led to war on the Continent as poverty took over and the means of survival was as the height in the minds of all Africans. Many aspect of their lives were taken away their culture, their language and their believe were destroyed. The European brainwashed the African people and took over and kill many in the process.

Examine critically the theme of duality in R.L. Stevenson’s ‘Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde’ Essay

Man is not truly one but truly 2 this message depicts the basic p cumulation of the fiction The Strange look of Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson. R.L. Stevenson was a marvelous novelist who fascinated the world with his originality of ideas and power to tell a story. His narrative skill, the unusual theme and the sensitive use of language makes his story genuinely absorbing and engrossing. This take hold reflects Stevensons reaction to the Victorian society, which was known for its strict rules. Stevenson, through his book, also attacks the men of his epoch, who were respectable by daytime but were demons at night. Stevenson was brought up in a Calvinistic background, as his nurse was a follower of Calvinism. From a young age, she instil take into him the consequences of sin and the repentance in hell. Due to this, his book also has whatsoever Biblical and mythological references.The book attacks the theme of human infallibility, too- the belief that no human can ever go wrong and that they can never make mistakes. The story is also similar to Mary Shelleys book, Frankenstein, as in both(prenominal) the stories monsters are created, and these monsters eventually record their masters and create havoc in the lives of many. Even Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution is reflected in the story as some of the characters, mainly, Edward Hyde, display a lot of characteristics and mannerisms that are animalistic in nature.There are many themes in the book and one theme that features prominently throughout the book is the theme of dichotomy. Stevenson portrays this duality in almost all of his characters, mainly the protagonist, Dr. Henry Jekyll. There is contradiction in e very(prenominal)thing, too- the characters, the setting and the atmosphere, as well.The character of Dr. Jekyll is coloured with deep shades of duality. He was a typical Victorian gentleman, who was on the pink of proprieties. He always postulateed the best and was a very so phisticated man who had a very good taste in art as well. Though he was a smooth-faced and a well made man, he had a crumpled and distorted life history. But Jekylls weakness that finally ruined him was his too much yearning for a good reputation, which eventually, cost him dearly. Also, his compulsive nature could be the cause of his destruction as professed(prenominal)ly, he was very daring and always did something unconventional. He was unorthodox and dared to tread on a highway which others, in the same profession, would rather not wear. He had a profound interest in the duplicity of life and the duality of mans character, which hightail it him to further experiment with his life and tidy sum.It did nothing much but to further lead him on the path of self-destruction, as later he had no give over himself and his actions. In a way, the society could be held responsible for the increase in Jekylls secret desires. Victorian society, at that time was known for its rigidity a nd rigidity and this rigidity made reputation the top priority for all gentlemen. People struggled to live up to societys standards as the society condemned and disapproved of anything unconventional. But, inspite of this, some men indulged in their fantasies. So in this way, the book also focuses on Victorian hypocrisy, as the Victorian gentleman was full of pretence. It shows the double standards of most people, as in that respect was a wide gap of difference between their public life and their private life. Jekyll wanted to fulfill his desires but at the same time he wanted freedom from punishment freedom from a tainted reputation.The wish to go against societys rigid rules without losing his status and reputation was Jekylls ultimate goal. The only way to achieve this almost perfect, yet impossible goal was by Jekyll creating another identity of his own and he achieved this with the help of the transforming conscription. Thus, Edward Hyde, Jekylls pure, unadulterated evil form , was born. Through Hyde, Jekyll could fulfill all his secret passions and could indulge in illicit pleasure, as he wanted, without putting his reputation and friendly status at stake. Unlike others, who felt a distaste of life upon seeing Hyde, Jekyll felt a leap of welcome whenever Hyde would surface because Hyde was like a separate, unknown channel through which Jekyll could satisfy his lust for evil.The physical description of both, the protagonist and the antagonist, is very contradictory as well. While Jekyll was a large, superior and a smooth-faced man, Hyde was dwarfish and laboriously human. The very sight of Hyde arouses fear in people because of his horrendous looks and weird stature. Hyde was not only damn but inorganic. There is contradiction as he gave an impression of deformity although he was not and he was in accompaniment very speedy but his body looked tremendously weak. He was a murderous medley of timidity and boldness. Apart from character, there was a m ajor difference in their physical appearance as well. In the beginning Hyde is shown to be much smaller in stature than Jekyll and this shows that the evil in Jekyll was belownourished at showtime but as time passes, and the frequency of Hydes activities increase, so does the evil in Jekyll.And finally, towards the end, we come to know that the stature of Hyde had increased in size, and this is significant of the fact that the evil in Jekyll had finally overpowered the good. Hydes hand too, stood pale in comparison with the hand of Jekylls. Jekylls hand was a healers hand, professional in shape and size. As was known to all, it was large, firm, white and comely. Whereas Hydes hand was totally opposite. It was lean, corded, knuckly, of a dusky pallor, and thickly shaded with a swarthy growth of hair. Despite all the differences, and also being aware of peoples reaction towards Hyde, Jekyll still cared a lot or so Hyde it was more like a acquire and son relationship.But for Hyd e, it didnt make a difference as he continued to use Jekyll as he had always been doing from the start. Jekyll had more than a fathers interest, Hyde had more than a sons indifference. For Hyde, Jekyll was like a cave in which he could hide from the world. Jekyll didnt want to admit it initially, but he delighted in the adventures of Hyde. He had taken his secret for granted and thought that he sat beyond the reach of fate. Gradually, the bestial part in him took over and Jekyll was well aware of this fact as he realizes that he was slowly losing hold of my original and better self, and fitting slowly incorporated with my second and worse.Jekyll had known all along that by his experimenting, he was putting his life in danger and risked death. But at the same time, he was also excited by his discovery, which made him enjoy life to the fullest without the burden of responsibilities. It absolutely exhilarated him. The temptation of a discovery so singular and profound at last overcame the suggestions of alarm.Stevenson also portrays the theme of duality in the minor characters of the book like Mr. Utterson and Dr. Lanyon. Utterson was a man of rugged consent and a lawyer by profession and also Jekylls friend, who later unravels the mystery. The duality in Uttersons character is clearly seen in the opening lines itself. He was never lighted by a smile and was backward in sentiment lean, long, dusty, dreary, and yet somehow lovable. Dr. Lanyons character too has shades of duality. He was boisterous and he was theatrical as well. Even his physical appearance is slightly contrasting. He was a healthy, dapper, red-faced gentleman with a shock of hair prematurely white.His reaction to Jekylls discovery, i.e. the transcendental medicine, is contradictory as well. His reaction was a mixture of disapproval and curiosity. Since he was orthodox, and preferred to travel on the beaten path, he disapproved of Jekylls research as scientific heresies but on the other hand, it was Lanyons curiosity that ultimately led to his death, as the law was too shocking for him to bear. The harsh reality was unpalatable and to Lanyon, death was an answer to the frightening realities of life. Hydes servant, who was a woman, has a streak of duality in her character as well. She was a wicked woman, whose face was smoothed by hypocrisy. She had excellent manners but she was of a sadistic nature. In other words, she was a servant well suited for Hyde.The theme of duality is emphasized through the setting. In the beginning of the story itself, we see the contradiction in the setting. The setting is of a by driveway in a busy quarter of London where Utterson and his cousin, Enfield go for their Sunday walk. There is a contrast between the street and the neighborhood. The street shone out in contrast to its dingy neighborhood, like a fire in a forest. The city, too where the story takes place, is seemingly divided into two parts the Old townspeople and the New Town and t he atmosphere is totally different in both the towns. The respectable and the sophisticated gentlemen resided in the New Town but at night they went to the Old Town to indulge in their secret passions as the Old Town had gambling, sex etc. This shows the duality of the men of those times. Even the house of Jekyll has a contradictory appearance. The back door of the house bore in every feature the marks of prolonged and sordid sloppiness.The house was a symbol of the human heart, as the house had no window. This corresponds with the minds inability to reach out to others. This is exactly what the problem had been with Jekyll. He had been unable to confide in anyone about his problem and if he had, the tragedy could maintain been averted. The door to the house was equipped with neither bell nor knocker and was blistered and distainted. other symbolic inanimate object in the story was the cabinet door in Jekylls house.That door was the passage to the truth. Jekyll was hiding behind that door and was claustrophobic to come out because Hyde could surface anytime and be in control of him. The door prevented the truth from being found out. The intense drama was going on at both sides of the door as on one side Utterson and Jekylls servant Poole were trying to break in and on the other side, Jekyll was trying to confront hidden. The two sides of the door could represent the two sides of the human personality. The door could also represent Jekylls evil side. Jekyll had nurtured and fostered the evil in him, so much that it was hard to break it down. Hence, Utterson and Poole had a tough time in breaking down the door.The atmosphere of the book contributes to the increasing tension and suspense.The fog is symbolic too, and it symbolizes the fact that there is fog over peoples mind and eyes and it prevents them from seeing the truth. It also shows their inability to communicate with others. The fog keeps randomly covering up current parts of London everytime and t his represents the fact that Utterson kept getting close to the truth and yet was unable to put his finger on it. The truth was right under his nose and yet, he was unable to see it.The language used by Stevenson is simple and easy to understand yet it is very effective and is lined with symbolic meanings. Many figures of speech have been made use of such as similes, metaphors and alliterations. Stevenson uses many striking similes such as Hyde would pass away like a stain of speck upon a mirror- to describe how Hyde would just be able to disappear and in his place, would be Jekyll. Another simile used is as brown as umber-Stevenson uses this to describe the fog of London. Even when comparing the street to the neighborhood, in the earlier chapters of the book, Stevenson says that the street stood in contrast to the neighborhood, like a fire in a forest. To describe what Jekyll could do as Hyde, Stevenson uses the metaphor spring headlong into the sea of liberty.This effectively con veys the idea to the readers about the freedom Jekyll got by being Hyde. Many alliterations have been used as well. One such example is bitter bad and this is used to describe Jekylls desperate need for the drug. Jekyll is also later referred to as a double dealer. The alliteration is also seen when Stevenson describes the character of Utterson lean, long, dusty, dreary. Some of the names of the characters have a meaning as well.For instance, the name of Hyde gives the readers an impression that the character is a mysterious, shady and a secretive one. Even the name of Jekylls servant, Poole, is significant. He was very loyal to his master and was hence, a pool of dark secrets. Stevenson also uses a pun in his story. This is used when Utterson goes hunting for Hyde. Utterson says that If he be Mr. Hyde, I shall be Mr. Seek. Stevenson has also cleverly made the use of animal imagery to describe Hyde. He says that Hyde had a ape-like fury and a hissing intake of breath and he snarled aloud into savage laugh and he also had light footsteps like animals do.I think the story has contemporary relevance with its assort to modern unethical medical practices such as genetic engineering and also cloning. The story of Jekyll can also be linked to the plight of a drug addict as Jekyll is shown to be getting more and more addicted to the transforming draught-just like the modern drug addict. But the consequences in both the cases are similar as in both cases, the person would regret it in the end -like Jekyll did and then there would be no way out, and it would be difficult for them to give it up, even if they wanted to.Jekylls mistake was not only his addiction to the drug it was also his temptation for evil. Wisdom demands that we should not go to frontiers where we are forbidden to do so. Forbidden knowledge must remain unknown, but Jekylls dabbling and experimenting crossed all borders and broke all frontiers. One of the messages that the book conveys is that goodnes s must always be vigilant in the battle against evil, otherwise evil will take command and that is exactly what had happened to Jekyll which ultimately led to his downfall.Another message that Stevenson tries to convey to the readers through his book is that no human being is totally good or bad- humans are a mixture of both. No one is black i.e. evil and no one is white i.e. good. Every person is a shade of gray. All humans do have an animal instinct in them and also a little evil. Its just been caged in the depths of their personality. But once it comes out, it comes out roaring, as it has been inhibit for a long time. By stating this point, Stevenson directly attacks the myth of human perfectibility. The book also deals with the reconciliation of opposites. What Jekyll wanted was to have a good time and a good reputation as well and these are two things that never go together. You have to pay a price for everything and Jekyll escaped this by replacement identities. But in the e nd, Jekyll had to pay a heavy price for his deeds- a price much more than what he had bargained for

Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis

DATE September 16, 2012 TO Patricia Bennett, Supervising Principal FROM Connor Sims, Associate SUBJECT Oil drill & Gas Extraction perseverance in the US Analysis (21111) This report presents information regarding the assiduity, the primary operator of inunct and gas field properties. The constancy supplys its key buyers, the immanent Gas Distribution (22121) and the Pet functionum fine-tune (32411) industries, with crude oil and natural gas. The industry continuously battles a shortage of available oil. In addition, many major oil fields have been in use for decades, slowly waning.Currently, the industry grosses among the most profitable in the US despite these and similar obstacles. The benefits of investing here potentially outweigh concerning risks. Because of the esteemed nurse of the industrys products, consistent pray for its products, and its positive near-future outlook, diversification into this industry may produce rewarding profitability in the short-term. High P roduct determine Crude Oil Prices The key economic driver for the Oil Drilling & Gas Extraction Industry, crude oil prices, determines much of its profitability according to deliver and demand.Price trends in West Texas Intermediate, a grade of crude oil used as a benchmark in oil pricing, display the growth of its cheer in the past 3 geezerhood and past decade. An average barrel of crude oil grew from $26. 18 in 2002 to $61. 95 in 2009, $79. 48 in 2010, and $94. 87 in 2011 (Airlines, 2012). JP Morgan analysts project average annual prices above $99 in upcoming years (Sethuraman, 2012). Such upward growth points to lucrative profits. Natural Gas Outlook Natural gas production accounts for 41. 6% of industry revenue in 2012. Prices n natural gas reached a 10-year low in April this year, but have erupted by more than 70% since (Hargreaves, 2012). Natural gas has seen an abundantly large output due to recent discoveries of natural gas in the Appalachian Basin this large supply has kept prices relatively low recently, leaving opportunity for even higher profitability in future years. reproducible Demand Fueling US Industries The Oil Drilling & Gas Extraction Industry is the sole supply industry for its two demand industries, Petroleum purgation and Natural Gas Distribution (Hersch).The US internally consumes 19,150,000 barrels of oil per day, doubling the worlds second largest consumer, China (Index, 2012). IBIS innovation describes the industrys demand industries as mature, assuring the stable demand for our industrys products (Hersch). Rising Exports, Foreign Buyers Current international relations appear conducive to this industrys profitability. In 2011, for the first time since 1949, the US exported more refined oil than it imported (Winters, 2012) this evidences the success between the supply industry and its demand industries flesh out above.Additionally, oil exports to China will surge as it industrializes quickly. Chinas exponentially growing demand leads to worldwide price emergences (Hersch). Any increases, particularly increase this substantial, raise the WTI average price per barrel, increasing profitability. Positive Current Standing Favorable Market Concentration The four largest firms in the industry comprise of about 30. 0% of total revenue (Hersch, 2012). Market share concentration is low, allowing firms of any size to portion the industrys $345. 9 billion revenue this year.The militant aspect of entering this industry would not be a difficult obstacle to overcome. Profit Margin The Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry reels in a significantly larger margin in comparison to related industries. 46% of all industry revenue goes to profit, higher than the average for the stainless mining sector, 39. 2% (Hersch, 2012). In 2008, the industry returned the 7th highest profit margin among US industries (Hargreaves). Profit margins have increased in the past 5 years as result of rising crude oil prices. Risks and Concer ns Barriers of EntryMost major oil and gas producers integrate services beyond drilling and extracting many dualize as shade or distribution firms, circumventing demand industries en route to more direct profitability. New firms lacking this versatility may find an obstacle upon entry to the industry (Hersch, 2012). Additionally, firms in this industry must specialize in exploration and discovery for oil and gas resources. Firms may struggle finding initial success in this role due to the limited nature of resources. Long-term Resource Depletion Peak oil refers to the prime of any fields production, after which goes into terminal decline.Most major US oil fields are beyond peak oil. The largest US oil field, Prudhoe Bay, has been depleting since 1979 (Prudhoe, 2012). The US Energy Information Administration indicates much production, particularly in the Alaskan North Slope, depends on world oil prices (Energy, 2012). Geophysicists and politicians debate over specifications regardin g overall US peak oil, arguing the year in which US peak oil occurred. International Comparison In addition to the US peak oil situation, the US Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry faces heavy distant market competition.In 2011, the US ranked 3rd in oil production, behind Saudi Arabia and Russia (Energy, 2012). Saudi Arabias OPEC governor expects Saudi output to rise steady beyond 2030 with a 1. 5 million barrel per day spare production capacity then (Energy, 2012). Russia holds the worlds largest natural gas reserves, and its fuel exports have steadily increased since each year since 1999 (Energy, 2012). Conclusion Despite entry risks and threats of limited resources, evidence supports the likelihood of success for us to diversify into the industry under certain stipulations.A new firm will implicitly face the challenge of exploring for land not already claimed by another firm. Additionally, alternative methods of goose egg will irrefutably have to replace oil drilling and g as extraction within an uncertain future the quelling supply simply cannot match the demand forever. Two central obstacles hesitate immediate diversification a barrier of entry and a negative long-term outlook. However, we must decide whether the benefits outweigh the concerns. World prices of oil and gas and Chinas growing demand directly affect profitability.Because evidence above shows substantial progress in both of these drivers with a very positive short-term outlook, diversification must be considered. If presence in the industry can be established quickly and will remain only until profitability falls, I recommend diversification. References Airlines For America (2012). Annual Crude Oil and Jet Fuel Prices. http//www. airlines. org/Pages/Annual-Crude-Oil-and- Jet-Fuel-Prices. aspx.. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Energy Information Administration (2012). invent Alaska North Slope oil production at risk beyond 2025 if oil prices drop sharply. Today In Energy. http//www. ia. gov/todayinenergy/detail. cfm? id=7970 Retrieved September 16, 2012. Prudhoe Bay Fact tabloid (2012). British Petroleum. www. bp. com/assets/bp us /A03_prudhoe_bay_fact_sheet. pdf Retrieved September 16, 2012. Hargreaves, Steve (2012). Natural gas prices surge 70%. CNN Money. http//money. cnn. com/2012/07/24/investing/natural-gas- prices/index. htm. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Hersch, Laura. (2012). IBIS World Industry Report 21111. Oil Drilling & Extraction In the US. Retrieved September 16, 2012 from IBIS World Database. How the US Uses Oil (2012). Alternative Energy. Retrieved September 16, 2012. ttp//alternativeenergy. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=001797 Index Mundi (2012). http//www. indexmundi. com/g/r. aspx? c=us&v=91. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Sethuraman, Nathan (2012). diadem Increasing numbers see oil below $100 in 2013, 2014. Reuters. http//www. reuters. com/article/2012/06/27/us-oil-poll- idUSBRE85Q14720120627. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Winter , Michael (2012). U. S. Exported more gasoline than imported last year. the States Today. http//content. usatoday. com/communities/ondeadline/post/2012/0 2/us-exported-more-gasoline-than-imported-last-year/1. UFav7BhGhgI

Diversity in Early Childhood Essay

Introduction Inclusive practices in the context of education in general underpinning the basic prescript of fairness and equal rights to education regardless of race, wrangle, family and socioeconomic background, culture and ability. Touching on the issue of inclusion in the aboriginal childishness context, it is important to visualize who are the children or the group of children that are being included. Also, taking into consideration how comprehensive practices are being enabled and what fellowship of the early childhood educators, practices of the centres and resources that are translucent and made available in the centres.In relation to comprehensive practices, the sociocultural theory states that learning and development occur through a process of changing participation in dynamic cultural communities, in which in that respect are active contributions from individuals, their tender partners, practices and tradition (current and historical), cultural tools, technolo gies, and materials, and values and belief systems (Ragoff, 1995, 2003). Sociocultural theorists therefore recognise that scholarship is non an individual construction. It is a collaborative process between the individual and his social partners to participate in relevant activities.As such, cognition involves collaborative process as people engage in thinking together with opposites (Rogoff & Toma, 1997). Hence, the aim of the case study is to find out to what degree of inclusiveness, in particular working with children with disabilities or special needs (both strength and weaknesses), has been practiced in the local (Singapore) early childhood setting. The case study on the inclusive programs for children with disabilities or special needs was done in a childcare centre situated in the northern residential part of Singapore.It has a primitive of seventy-three childcare students and seven infants under the infant care program. Out of the seventy-three childcare students, five heed the half a day program. at that place are a total of nine childcare teachers and six infant care teachers. Under the centres philosophy, the centre believes that the key role of early childhood education is to prepare children for the journey of lifelong learning. The centres role is to provide a caring and contributive milieu by providing facilities and plan to stimulate the childs inquisitivemind and optimize his social, physical, intellectual, creative and emotional development. The centre aims to foster strong links within the local association by incorporating the resources available in the neighbourhood. The research was done in the kindergarten level, K1 and K2, five and six years old respectively. There are seven Malays, two Indians and xix Chinese students in total for both K1 and K2 carve up. Each of the kindergarten classes has their own lead teacher who teaches them mathematics, language arts, art and crafts, science and music.Both the classes shared one la nguage teacher (Chinese language). These two classes share the various learning centres such as language and literacy, art and craft, and construction (wooden blocks and legos). The learning surround is not very conducive for the K1s as the allocated space area was a little too cramp for fifteen children but the space area for the K2s is sufficient enough to accommodate the football police squad children. The centre adopted a structured, teacher centered curriculum approach where most of the breedings (hands-on or modeling) done by the teacher.There is too no tractableness in carrying out the lessons as the teachers have to follow strictly the lessons planned for them by the curriculum department from the head quarters. As such, if any of the children displayed great evoke in a certain topic, the teacher could only extend the topic / theme for just one more day. Out of the total twenty-six kindergarten children (K1 and K2), there are two special needs children children living with autism, one from each class. Both the children attended external, professional therapy and sessions for children with special needs.The child from the K2 class (J) attend his sessions on a daily basis while the other from the K1 class (D) attend his thrice a week Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. Js sessions are on every morning and he will come to the childcare in the afternoon. As for D, on every Tuesday, Thursday and Friday he attends childcare in the morning and goes off for his therapy / sessions in the afternoon. The data gathered based on the evaluation done on the checklist implemented. The objective of gathering the data is to read to what extend has the centre practiced the inclusive program in working with children with special needs.The areas evaluated are teachers association, skills and attitudes demonstrated in their day-to-day working either flat or indirectly with their two students living with autism. In reference to the checklist, all trained teachers (diplom a level) are not specifically trained to working with children with special needs. The knowledge that teachers have are just an sentiency to what special needs is all about and to understand a little more about each persona of special needs or disabilities.Therefore, teachers at the centre are not very responsive towards the two children. On top of that, the management level did not come out clear evident of playing their part towards the two children with autism and it certainly does not correspond with their vision statement The shopping mall believes that children of different ethnic background, social status and abilities should not be deprived of quality care and education ( take up appendix). This evident shows that the teachers beliefs and underpinning knowledge of understanding children with special needs is rather minimal.However, they do show respect on individual differences by trying to understand the childrens behaviour (J and D) and routine as easy as to always cr eate an awareness and respect, through role modeling, in all the other children in the centre towards J and D. The teachers responses act as a role model to all the other children under their care and those children are learning about disability and at the same time developing their own ways of understanding (Palmer, 1998). The learning environment provided that was present in the centre was not suitable for both J and D.Provision of learning and teaching materials were inadequate and unsuitable for their use. As both J and D are in placed together with the kindergarten children, the lessons plan for the class was inappropriate for Js and Ds learning. An issue that has to be interpreted into consideration will be the student teacher ratio. In order for learning and communicating to be effective with J and D, the teachers of both classes need a lot of time spent with them. Unfortunately, the class size does not permit the teachers to do so freely.Both the kindergarten teachers can on ly communicate with the two children when their class is heavily manifold in their activity, which most of the time quite a number of the children are able to accomplish their written task within a short period. As such, it is impossible to communicate and have lessons effectively with J and D without being interrupted by the others. The classroom environment does not lead for personal quiet time for the children and this is a basic need for children with autism. Not that there are plans for segregation but to let both J and D feels comfortable being themselves, whenever they wish to be alone.Children with disabilities engage in social interaction with their peers less often than typically developing children (National Professional Development Centre on Inclusion, 2007). Finally, the factor on trained teachers in working with children with special needs. Both the kindergarten teachers knew and are aware of what special needs are but their knowledge are insufficient to teach and gu ide this special group of children. Thus, most of the time both J and D are left alone to do what they want to do, which is sitting in solitary.Due the lack of knowledge in handling children with special needs, both teachers are most of the time unable to dismiss when problems arise such as sudden screaming, or refusing to share toys or things, or refusing to move on to the next routine. In order to make the environment suitable for an inclusive program to be implemented, there are a few things which need to be changed or added on to the centre. First and foremost, early childhood educator managing the programme must be trained in a course on children with special needs and preferably have experience in teaching children with special needs.Secondly, the centre should work in partnership with the parents of the child as well as with professionals trained in the field. Centre can also engage speech therapists, child psychologists in order to provide therapy sessions for the children with special needs. Collaboration is the cornerstone of effective inclusive programs which means including and empowering parents as part of the decision-making team in the education of their children ( National Professional Development Centre on Inclusion, 2007).Early childhood educators managing children with special needs have to make necessary planning, teaching and management strategies, and exercise flexible arrangement necessary adjustments for behaviour coping strategies and alternative support programmes when working with children with special needs. Adequate support is important in order to make inclusive environments effective for the children involve. Support which includes professional training, personnel, provision of materials, planning time, and on-going consultation.These supports can be delivered in various ways, and each individual involved in inclusion may have unique needs (National Professional Development Centre on Inclusion, 2007). Another important aspect th at needs to be looked into is the aspect of learning environment. The learning environment must be suitable and organized to ensure it accommodates the needs of the children. On top of that, the centre should developed an differentiate Educational Plan (IEP) for each child with special needs. Lastly, parents-teacher-conference should be conducted at least once in six months.Across a range of disabilities, collateral outcomes are reported for children with disabilities in inclusive settings (National Professional Development Centre on Inclusion, 2007). Children in the inclusive programs in general fair as well as children in specialized programs. It is also reported by the National Professional Development Centre on Inclusion, that children without disabilities participated in the inclusive programs often see beneficial changes in terms of confidence, self-esteem, and understanding of diversity (National Professional Development Centre on Inclusion, 2007).In a nutshell, high qualit y early childhood programs form the necessary structural base for high quality inclusive programs, as such, all children benefit when programs are of high quality and truly inclusive (National Professional Development Centre on Inclusion, 2007). As stated at the beginning of this essay, the objective of collecting and evaluating the data is to find out to what extend inclusive programs is implemented in the local early childhood setting at the same time looking at the strength and weaknesses should the program is implemented in the centre. Word count 1789.References National Professional Development Center on Inclusion (2007). Research synthesis points on early childhood inclusion. Chapel Hill, northmost Carolina National Professional Development Center on Inclusion, FPG Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina. Palmer, A. (1998) Young Children with Additional Needs, AECA Research in Practice Series V5, 2. Rogoff, B. & Toma, C. (1997) shared Thinking community and institutional variations, Discourse Processes, 23, pp. 471 497. Rogoff, B. (2003) The Cultural Nature of Human Development. Oxford Oxford University Press.

U.S. Diplomatic Mission Attacks in Benghazi and the Aftermath

On the twenty-four hours of the 11th anniversary of the September 11th, 2001 flamings on the World Trade Center, a nonher attack unfoldedthis time, on foreign soil, however comfort very much hitting close to home. Four U. S. citizensthe U. S. ambassador to Libya, Chris Stevens a Foreign Service information management officer, and dickens other U. S. personneldied when members of the substructure Islamist group called Ansar al-Sharia, one of some extremist Salafi groups, clashed with security forces in Benghazi by and by protesting near the U. S. onsulate. It has been debated what has provoked this violence, but it was initially believed that it was out-of-pocket(p) to an online learn considered offensive to Islam. in the beginning on in the day, in Cairo, there were protests being kill in answer to the mentioned motion-picture show, but whether or not those protests were link up to the Benghazi attacks remained unclear in the some days succeeding(a). The inflammator y video on Islam in question, titled, Innocence of Muslims, is a 14-minute long film production that mocks Islams prophet, Muhammad.It was uploaded to the video site YouTube in July, 2012, but didnt gain attention in the Muslim world until its broadcast on an Egyptian Islamist television station until earlier September. Only days after its broadcast, protests broke out in several cities throughout the Middle East and the rest of the world, including Cairo and some Western countries. not only were there border and shouting of anti-U. S. slogans, there was to a fault the burning of U. S. and Israeli flags as well as the burning of some buildings generally associated with the U. S.Islam rigorously prohibits any depictions of the prophet Muhammad, inappropriate in Christianity, where Jesus is often depicted through paintings and sculptures, which Christians tend to worship. While some Islamic leaders praised reaction to the film, and called for come on protesting and burning of U. S . -associated objects, such as flags, others Middle Eastern leaders, such as Iranian prexy Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, reproveed the attacks and reactions to the incendiary film, while also condemning the film itself. chairwoman Obama himself condemned the film, but reiterated that it was not an salve for the violence that was carried out.The filmmaker, once believed to be an Israeli Jew, is now believed to be an Egyptian-American Coptic Christian after it was revealed that he had operated under a false name, which landed him imprison time for fraud. Egyptian Copts, the largest Christian community in the Middle East, are often the target of discrimination and attacks by competitory Islamist extremist groups. Egyptian politics ended up charging seven Coptic Christians living in the United States for insulting Islam and harming national unity, which is more symbolic than literal, for the point that all seven harp outside Egypt.The tensions between Copts and Muslims in Egypt behave r isen recently due to the run through of the low-budget film. As protests continued to blow up crosswise the Muslim world, many Libyans condemned the attacks that happened on their soil and came together in a demonstration to show the United States that the attack did not represent Libya or Libyans, with signs reading phrases such as, Chris Stevens was a friend to all Libyans, Sorry people of America, this is not the behavior of our Islam and prophet, and Thugs and killers dont represent Benghazi nor Islam. These Libyan citizens aimed to distance themselves from the attacks and the riots that ensued across the country and the world. In response to the attacks, Libyas government vowed to cooperate with the United States in order to find the perpetrators of the now seemingly plotted attack on the consulate. It is suspected that this attack had been think for a while before its execution, and that it conveniently coincided with the onset of violent protests in response to the anti-Is lamic film.Later in September, violent protests surged in Benghazinot against the United States, but for democracy and against the Islamist militias that still control a large part of Libyato one of which the attacks on the U. S. consulate were think. According to demonstrators participating in the protests and ousting of the militias, Libyans have had enough of extremists a form after ousting long-time dictator Muammar Gaddafi, especially after the recent attacks.On the other side, those who are pro-Ansar al-Sharia protested in support of the extremist group, justifying the cleaning of the Americans with the offense the U. S. had committed against Islam with the release of the now notorious film. After protests calmed and subsided (at least in the media), on the other side of the Atlantic ocean, many criticized President Obama of his discussion of the attacks in Benghazi. Many on the conservative right accused him of being an apologist for Islamic terrorism and the killing of the four Americans.This became a hot subject field in the presidential debates in October, when presidential candidate Mitt romney accused Obama of having gone on an apology tour, where President Obama apologized to other nations for American behavior, particularly in the case of the anti-Islamic film. He referenced a averment released by the U. S. Embassy in Cairo, which stated that it condemned efforts to hurt the religious feelings of Muslims, and that they firmly reject the actions by those who abuse the public right of free row to hurt the religious beliefs of others. Romney affirmed, as well as other Conservatives, that the current administrations response to the attacks were not to condemn them, but to apologize to those who executed them. This also led to a debate on how soon after the attacks Obama referred to the events as terrorist attacks. It was affirmed that he did not now classify the attacks as terrorist in nature, of which Romney accused him during one of the debates. This was a buzz topic for days in the media, as a fact check revealed that the President had actually delivered a statement the day following the attacks, condemning the actions as acts of terror. Despite the myth having been debunked, even after the elections had ended and President Obama secured his second border in office, the handling of the events in Benghazi turned into a scandal. The suspicion remained that President Obama and the White House staff dealt poorly with the aftermath of the attacks on the U. S. diplomatic foreign mission in Benghazi. There also remain questions on the motives stern the initial descriptions that the White House gave regarding the attacks, claiming that they were spontaneous. With much attention surrounding David Petraeus, who recently resigned his position as director of the CIA allegedly due to an extramarital affair, his description of the attacks during closed-door congressional briefings have been heavily covered in the media. Petr aeus affirmed that the attacks in Benghazi were previously planned and executed by terrorists linked to Al-Qaeda. What it all boils down to, seemingly, is a game of words and semantics of terrorism vs. spontaneous attacks. The line between truth and speculation behind the attacks on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi and the film that coincidentally incited protests and violence among Muslims around the world remain somewhat blurred. What has been clear from the start, though, is that the events that unfolded that day and in the days and weeks after, put blackmail on an already labored relationship between the United States and the Muslim world, and provoked a new debate on the limits of freedom of speech. However, over the months following the events, it turned into a heated debate on U. S. oreign policy and the ways in which these sorts of attacks are handled when revealing them to the American public. Either way, consumers of media on such touchy topicswhether in the United State s or abroadare all too often caught in the crosshairs of cultural and political misunderstandings through the lenses of news outlets. Bibliography 1. ) Bash, Dana, Barbara Starr, Suzanne Kelley, and Chelsea Carter. Ex-CIA chief Petraeus testifies Benghazi attack was al Qaeda-linked terrorism. CNN 16 Nov. 2012. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. . . ) Crawford, Jamie. President Obama on Benghazi I am always responsible. CNN 17 Oct. 2012. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. . 3. ) Graff, Peter, and Suleiman Al-Khalidi. Benghazi Anti- militia Protest Libyan Protesters Drive Islamist Militia From Countrys 2nd-Largest City. Huffington Post 22 Sept. 2012. Web. 23 Sept. 2012. . 4. ) Jordan, Rosiland. Angry protests spread over anti-Islam video. Al-Jazeera 14 Sept. 2012. Web. 9 Oct. 2012. . 5. ) Payne, Ed, and Saad Abedine. Egypt charges Coptic Christians linked to infamous video. CNN 18 Sept. 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. . 6. ) Steinhauser, Paul. A day after Libya attack, Obama described it as acts of terror. CNN 17 Oct. 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. . 7. ) Tawfeeq, Mohammed. Hundreds in Iraq protest inflammatory anti-Islam video. CNN 14 Sept. 2012. Web. 15 Sept. 2012. . 8. ) Timeline How Benghazi attack, probe unfolded. CBS News 2 Nov. 2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. . 9. ) US anti-Islam filmmaker Nakoula Basseley Nakoula jailed. BBC 7 Nov. 2012. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. .U.S. Diplomatic Mission Attacks in Benghazi and the AftermathOn the day of the 11th anniversary of the September 11th, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, another attack unfoldedthis time, on foreign soil, but still very much hitting close to home. Four U. S. citizensthe U. S. ambassador to Libya, Chris Stevens a Foreign Service information management officer, and two other U. S. personneldied when members of the radical Islamist group called Ansar al-Sharia, one of many extremist Salafi groups, clashed with security forces in Benghazi after protesting near the U. S. onsulate. It has been debated what has provoked this violence, but it was initially believed that it was due to an online film considered offensive to Islam. Earlier on in the day, in Cairo, there were protests being executed in response to the mentioned video, but whether or not those protests were related to the Benghazi attacks remained unclear in the few days following. The inflammatory video on Islam in question, titled, Innocence of Muslims, is a 14-minute long film production that mocks Islams prophet, Muhammad.It was uploaded to the video site YouTube in July, 2012, but didnt gain attention in the Muslim world until its broadcast on an Egyptian Islamist television station until early September. Only days after its broadcast, protests broke out in several cities throughout the Middle East and the rest of the world, including Cairo and some Western countries. Not only were there marches and shouting of anti-U. S. slogans, there was also the burning of U. S. and Israeli flags as well as the burning of some buildings generally associated with the U. S .Islam strictly prohibits any depictions of the prophet Muhammad, unlike in Christianity, where Jesus is often depicted through paintings and sculptures, which Christians tend to worship. While some Islamic leaders praised reaction to the film, and called for further protesting and burning of U. S. -associated objects, such as flags, others Middle Eastern leaders, such as Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, condemned the attacks and reactions to the incendiary film, while also condemning the film itself. President Obama himself condemned the film, but reiterated that it was not an excuse for the violence that was carried out.The filmmaker, once believed to be an Israeli Jew, is now believed to be an Egyptian-American Coptic Christian after it was revealed that he had operated under a false name, which landed him jail time for fraud. Egyptian Copts, the largest Christian community in the Middle East, are often the target of discrimination and attacks by militant Islamist extremist groups. Egyptian authorities ended up charging seven Coptic Christians living in the United States for insulting Islam and harming national unity, which is more symbolic than literal, for the fact that all seven live outside Egypt.The tensions between Copts and Muslims in Egypt have risen recently due to the release of the low-budget film. As protests continued to erupt across the Muslim world, many Libyans condemned the attacks that happened on their soil and came together in a demonstration to show the United States that the attack did not represent Libya or Libyans, with signs reading phrases such as, Chris Stevens was a friend to all Libyans, Sorry people of America, this is not the behavior of our Islam and prophet, and Thugs and killers dont represent Benghazi nor Islam. These Libyan citizens aimed to distance themselves from the attacks and the riots that ensued across the country and the world. In response to the attacks, Libyas government vowed to cooperate with the United States in order to find the perpetrators of the now seemingly planned attack on the consulate. It is suspected that this attack had been planned for a while before its execution, and that it conveniently coincided with the onset of violent protests in response to the anti-Islamic film.Later in September, violent protests surged in Benghazinot against the United States, but for democracy and against the Islamist militias that still control a large part of Libyato one of which the attacks on the U. S. consulate were linked. According to demonstrators participating in the protests and ousting of the militias, Libyans have had enough of extremists a year after ousting long-time dictator Muammar Gaddafi, especially after the recent attacks.On the other side, those who are pro-Ansar al-Sharia protested in support of the extremist group, justifying the killing of the Americans with the offense the U. S. had committed against Islam with the release of the now notorious film. After protests calmed and subsided (at least in the media), on the other side of the Atlantic ocean, many criticized President Obama of his handling of the attacks in Benghazi. Many on the conservative right accused him of being an apologist for Islamic terrorism and the killing of the four Americans.This became a hot topic in the presidential debates in October, when presidential candidate Mitt romney accused Obama of having gone on an apology tour, where President Obama apologized to other nations for American behavior, particularly in the case of the anti-Islamic film. He referenced a statement released by the U. S. Embassy in Cairo, which stated that it condemned efforts to hurt the religious feelings of Muslims, and that they firmly reject the actions by those who abuse the universal right of free speech to hurt the religious beliefs of others. Romney affirmed, as well as other Conservatives, that the current administrations response to the attacks were not to condemn them, but to apologize to those who executed them. This also led to a debate on how soon after the attacks Obama referred to the events as terrorist attacks. It was affirmed that he did not immediately classify the attacks as terrorist in nature, of which Romney accused him during one of the debates. This was a buzz topic for days in the media, as a fact check revealed that the President had actually delivered a statement the day following the attacks, condemning the actions as acts of terror. Despite the myth having been debunked, even after the elections had ended and President Obama secured his second term in office, the handling of the events in Benghazi turned into a scandal. The suspicion remained that President Obama and the White House staff dealt poorly with the aftermath of the attacks on the U. S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi. There also remain questions on the motives behind the initial descriptions that the White House gave regarding the attacks, claiming that they were spontaneous. With m uch attention surrounding David Petraeus, who recently resigned his position as director of the CIA allegedly due to an extramarital affair, his description of the attacks during closed-door congressional briefings have been heavily covered in the media. Petraeus affirmed that the attacks in Benghazi were previously planned and executed by terrorists linked to Al-Qaeda. What it all boils down to, seemingly, is a game of words and semantics of terrorism vs. spontaneous attacks. The line between truth and speculation behind the attacks on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi and the film that coincidentally incited protests and violence among Muslims around the world remain somewhat blurred. What has been clear from the start, though, is that the events that unfolded that day and in the days and weeks after, put pressure on an already strained relationship between the United States and the Muslim world, and provoked a new debate on the limits of freedom of speech. However, over the months following the events, it turned into a heated debate on U. S. oreign policy and the ways in which these sorts of attacks are handled when revealing them to the American public. Either way, consumers of media on such delicate topicswhether in the United States or abroadare all too often caught in the crosshairs of cultural and political misunderstandings through the lenses of news outlets. Bibliography 1. ) Bash, Dana, Barbara Starr, Suzanne Kelley, and Chelsea Carter. Ex-CIA chief Petraeus testifies Benghazi attack was al Qaeda-linked terrorism. CNN 16 Nov. 2012. Web. 23 Nov. 2012. . . ) Crawford, Jamie. President Obama on Benghazi I am always responsible. CNN 17 Oct. 2012. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. . 3. ) Graff, Peter, and Suleiman Al-Khalidi. Benghazi Anti-Militia Protest Libyan Protesters Drive Islamist Militia From Countrys 2nd-Largest City. Huffington Post 22 Sept. 2012. Web. 23 Sept. 2012. . 4. ) Jordan, Rosiland. Angry protests spread over anti-Islam video. Al-Jazeera 14 Sept. 2 012. Web. 9 Oct. 2012. . 5. ) Payne, Ed, and Saad Abedine. Egypt charges Coptic Christians linked to infamous video. CNN 18 Sept. 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. . 6. ) Steinhauser, Paul. A day after Libya attack, Obama described it as acts of terror. CNN 17 Oct. 2012. Web. 22 Oct. 2012. . 7. ) Tawfeeq, Mohammed. Hundreds in Iraq protest inflammatory anti-Islam video. CNN 14 Sept. 2012. Web. 15 Sept. 2012. . 8. ) Timeline How Benghazi attack, probe unfolded. CBS News 2 Nov. 2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. . 9. ) US anti-Islam filmmaker Nakoula Basseley Nakoula jailed. BBC 7 Nov. 2012. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. .

How to Survival Middle School Essay

Graduating elementary school is an exciting mile st iodin, but then comes diaphragm school. Middle school is a very tough place for intimately people. Hormones start to kick in and work load gets amplified. Drama takes over the school and learning how to equaliser it all is a skill. With these new emotions its difficult to balance both friends, relationships, and school work. There are a lot of new challenges a student has to take on, but with a few key tips, middle school may be a bit easier to get through. 1.Always Smile- By smiling you are putting out a positive attitude. When one meets a person who is smiling they are more likely to be smiling to. A smile gives you a more approachable feel and fag end help you make friends easier. If you have a sad or stern face people wont be as intrigued to come let loose to you. 2. Pay Attention in Class- There is so much going on in a middle schoolers life at home and with friends its toughened to stay focused. Making sure you listen in class is a big part of doing rise up in middle school.It is easy to get distrait but you need to remember the reason your at school is to learn. Everything going forward, build upon it egotism so if your mind is somewhere else you scarce be confused afterward on. 3. Prioritize- When entering middle school, friendships change. Play dates stop happening and going out starts. Boyfriends and Girlfriends begin to happen. With your mind focused on new relationships as well as home life, it is easy to stop focusing on school. Doing homework as well as projects before going to spend time with friends is important.Waiting trough the last minute doesnt work if you want a good grade. By getting your work do first, it is more likely to be done well and when your with your friends you wont have the stress of having undone work. 4. Dont Tell Unless Asked- People love to talk closely themselves Try your hardest to just listen. As much as you may zero(prenominal) care, it will bring you an d the person closer. DO NOT tell others what people confide in you, or all trust will be gone, along with any secrets at all.If individual asks you a question, be honest, but try not to talk about yourself. In middle school opinions change quickly and you dont want to judge something you will regret. 5. Dont Talk Badly some Others- Day to day your thoughts, views, and opinions change on your life around you. By talking badly about someone you make your self look bad. excessively if you talk about to many people, your friends will begin to think you talk about them too. Great way to loose friends. In middle school your friends with someone one day and not the next.Stupid arguments happen more often than not and if someone finds out what you said about them (they most likely will, because everyone in middle school has a big mouth) your relationship with them can take a turn for the worse. If you wouldnt want them to say it about you, dont say it about them. 7. Plan- Make plans wit h friends a few days in advance. You still have to come up with the place and time as well as who is going. You want to give your self enough time to ask you parents and get it approved. Nothing worse than having everything planned out, and them mom and dad saying no.8. Ignore the Drama- In middle school word spreads fast. Monday you will be focused on something completely different than on Wednesday. People are catty and looking for attention, do your best to stay out of it. People will be mean, and if you give them a reaction, you encourage them to continue to do it. By ignoring what they say they quickly get bored, and move on to someone else. Realize that what ever they say has nothing to do with you, their just trying to raise their ego and self esteem by putting someone else down. Dont let it get to you and go on as if they werent there.